Which condition results from plaque erosion of the tooth surface?

Dental caries, commonly known as tooth decay or cavities, result from the erosion of the tooth surface due to the action of acids produced by bacteria that metabolize sugars in the mouth. When plaque—a sticky film of bacteria—accumulates on the teeth and is not removed through proper oral hygiene, the bacteria can produce acids that erode the enamel, leading to demineralization. Over time, if the process continues without intervention, it can cause localized damage to the tooth structure, resulting in cavities.

In contrast, gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums caused by plaque buildup but does not directly involve tooth surface erosion. Periodontitis is a more advanced form of gum disease affecting the supporting structures of the teeth, which can also be a consequence of untreated gingivitis. Malocclusion refers to the misalignment of teeth when the jaws are closed and is not directly associated with plaque or erosion of the tooth surface. Therefore, dental caries is specifically linked to the deterioration of tooth enamel resulting from plaque-induced acid production.