What is Celiac disease and how does it affect digestion?

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder in which the ingestion of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, leads to damage in the small intestine. When individuals with celiac disease consume gluten, their immune system reacts abnormally, attacking the lining of the small intestine. This immune response results in inflammation and the destruction of the villi, which are small finger-like projections lining the intestinal wall that are essential for nutrient absorption.

The damage to the villi impairs the body's ability to absorb fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, which can lead to a variety of symptoms and nutritional deficiencies. Common symptoms include diarrhea, bloating, gas, fatigue, and malnutrition. If left untreated, celiac disease can result in more severe complications such as osteoporosis, infertility, neurological disorders, and an increased risk of certain cancers.

Understanding the nature of celiac disease as an autoimmune disorder that specifically targets the small intestine after gluten ingestion highlights its significance in digestive health and nutrition. This is why the answer regarding the autoimmune response and the role of gluten is the most accurate representation of how celiac disease affects digestion.