How do antacids function to alleviate heartburn?

Antacids alleviate heartburn primarily by neutralizing stomach acid. Heartburn occurs when acid from the stomach backs up into the esophagus, causing discomfort and a burning sensation. Antacids are alkaline substances that can quickly reduce the acidity in the stomach by reacting with the hydrochloric acid present. This neutralization process raises the pH level, providing relief from the burning sensation and discomfort associated with heartburn.

By decreasing the acidity in the stomach, antacids help to minimize irritation in the esophagus, which is sensitive to acidic environments. This is particularly effective for those experiencing symptoms related to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or occasional acid indigestion.

Thus, the mechanism of action for antacids is centered on their ability to neutralize stomach acid, offering immediate relief to those suffering from heartburn and related conditions.